🔵 Core C++ · Lesson 36

File Handling in C++

What is File Handling in C++?

File Handling in C++
File handling allows programs to read and write data permanently using files. C++ provides ifstream, ofstream and fstream.

Level
🔵 Core C++ Features

Example File
file-handling.cpp

Main Focus
Concept + syntax + practical C++ program

Why should you learn this?

It helps you write correct and readable C++ programs.
It is used repeatedly in school practicals, projects and competitive programming.
It builds the base for advanced topics such as OOP, STL and data structures.

Important Terms

Term	Meaning / Use
ifstream	File Handling in C++ programming में Ifstream use होता है।
ofstream	File Handling in C++ programming में Ofstream use होता है।
fstream	File Handling in C++ programming में Fstream use होता है।
file	File Handling in C++ programming में File use होता है।
stream	File Handling in C++ programming में Stream use होता है।

Syntax / Pattern

C++

ofstream fout("file.txt"); fout << data;

Example Program

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    ofstream fout("result.txt");
    fout << "Marks: 95";
    fout.close();
    cout << "File written";
    return 0;
}

Expected Output

File written

Program Explanation

ofstream opens file for writing.
close() releases the file resource.

Exam Tip: In C++ practical answers, write the logic first, then the program, then expected output. For theory, always include one suitable example.

Where will you use it?

saving reports
student records
logs

Common Mistakes

Not checking whether file opened successfully.
Using wrong file path.

Practice Tasks

Write student marks to a file.
Read file line by line using getline.

Summary

File Handling in C++ एक ज़रूरी C++ topic है। परिभाषा सीखें, syntax समझें, example program चलाएं और फिर practice tasks हल करके concept मज़बूत करें।