🟡 Control Flow · Lesson 15

if, else-if and else Statements

What is if, else-if and else Statements?

if, else-if and else Statements
Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions. They execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.

Level
🟡 Control Flow and Core Programming

Example File
if-else.cpp

Main Focus
Concept + syntax + practical C++ program

Why should you learn this?

It helps you write correct and readable C++ programs.
It is used repeatedly in school practicals, projects and competitive programming.
It builds the base for advanced topics such as OOP, STL and data structures.

Important Terms

Term	Meaning / Use
condition	if, else-if and else Statements programming में Condition use होता है।
if	if, else-if and else Statements programming में If use होता है।
else if	if, else-if and else Statements programming में Else if use होता है।
else	if, else-if and else Statements programming में Else use होता है।
block	if, else-if and else Statements programming में Block use होता है।

Syntax / Pattern

C++

if (condition) { } else { }

Example Program

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int marks = 72;
    if (marks >= 90) cout << "A+";
    else if (marks >= 60) cout << "Pass";
    else cout << "Need Improvement";
    return 0;
}

Expected Output

Pass

Program Explanation

First condition is false, second is true.
Only the matching block is executed.

Exam Tip: In C++ practical answers, write the logic first, then the program, then expected output. For theory, always include one suitable example.

Where will you use it?

grade systems
eligibility checks
login validation

Common Mistakes

Using = instead of ==.
Missing braces in multi-line blocks.

Practice Tasks

Check pass/fail from marks.
Find greatest of three numbers.

Summary

if, else-if and else Statements एक ज़रूरी C++ topic है। परिभाषा सीखें, syntax समझें, example program चलाएं और फिर practice tasks हल करके concept मज़बूत करें।