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MySQL + SQL · Lesson 33

SQL Commands: DDL, DML, DQL, DCL and TCL

Categories of SQL Commands

SQL commands are grouped into five categories based on what they do.

The Five Categories

CategoryFull FormCommands
DDLData DefinitionCREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE
DMLData ManipulationINSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
DQLData QuerySELECT
DCLData ControlGRANT, REVOKE
TCLTransaction ControlCOMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT

Examples

CREATE TABLE students(roll INT, name VARCHAR(40));  -- DDL
INSERT INTO students VALUES(1,'Aman');             -- DML
SELECT * FROM students;                            -- DQL
GRANT SELECT ON students TO 'user1';               -- DCL
COMMIT;                                             -- TCL

Summary

  • DDL=structure, DML=data changes, DQL=SELECT, DCL=permissions, TCL=transactions.
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